Illustrated overview of the legal struggles of African Americans after emancipation, with a focus on rhetoric, legislation, and caricature as means of curbing freedom. Site managed by University of Virginia.

Annotations of a list of books, including a study of Black Codes enforced in Washington, D.C. in the nineteenth century. Site managed by the Smithsonian Institution.

Contains a 1933 editorial from the Journal of Negro life on black labor and the codes. Site maintained by the New Deal Network.

The University of Texas at Austin provides this information about black codes as part of their online guide to Texas history.

Learn what codes were enacted by the state of Mississippi passed in 1866. Site maintained by the Center for History and New Media, George Mason University.

Brief outline of the nearly century-long denial of the full franchise by Black Texans through the use of poll taxes and literacy laws. One view of the post-Antebellum continuation of Black Codes. Site managed by Rice University.

Copyright © 1999 - 2010 by Pearson Custom Publishing. All rights reserved. This copyright material may not be published, broadcast or redistributed in any manner.