These lecture notes explain the differences between independent, dependent, control and confounding/extraneous variables. Site maintained by the University of Illinois at Springfield.

Confounding is discussed in these chapter notes on factors influencing experiments and observational studies. Site maintained by the University of California, Berkeley.

The author explains the role of variables in experimental research, and distinguishes differences between dependent and independent variables. These notes are from the text "Research Methods Knowledge Base," authored and maintained online by William M.K. Trochim, Cornell University.

Dependent and independent variables each have their own set of characteristics as explained on this page. Site maintained by Wayne State University.

Overview of meta-analysis. Site maintained by the University of Wisconsin.

Three articles describe meta-analysis within the context of ESP and "Anomalous Consciousness Interaction.". Site maintained by the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.

A brief description of meta-analysis. Site maintained by Tulane University.

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